Available Application Papers

Available APPLICATION PAPERS


		2-Wire & 3-Wire Control for C30CNM Mechanically Held 30 Ampere Lighting Contactors C30CNM Mechanically Held Lighting Contactors feature an electronic control module that allows coil operation at line voltage and control at the same voltage or at a different voltage. AP03702001E.PDF - (PDF, 282KB)

		9 Phase Windmill Transformer AP04008001E.PDF - (PDF, 784KB)

		AC Drive Theory and Application Explanation of AC variable frequency drive construction and their operation as applied to motors. AP04014005E.PDF - (PDF, 309KB)

		Alternating 2-Pump Application AP05001001E_Alt2PumpProgram.zip - (ZIP, 2KB)

		Application considerations for surge protective devices when used with generators and automatic transfer switches The purpose of this paper is to address the subject of how to properly apply surge protective devices (SPDs) to systems using transfer switch equipment and generators, and to avoid common pitfalls associated with the application of surge protection to these systems. AP01001003E.PDF - (PDF, 48KB)

		Application considerations for surge protective devices when used with generators and automatic transfer switches The purpose of this paper is to address the subject of how to properly apply surge protective devices (SPDs) to systems using transfer switch equipment and generators, and to avoid common pitfalls associated with the application of surge protection to these systems. AP01001003E.PDF - (PDF, 48KB)

		Application of current control and overcurrent protection AP04004001E.PDF - (PDF, 48KB)

		Application of Electromechanical Contactors for Power Factor Correction When applying electromechanical contactors for Power Factor Correction (PFC), it is important to understand the type of capacitor installation involved. AP03407004E.PDF - (PDF, 309KB)

		Application of Electromechanical Contactors in Lighting Loads When determining the appropriate contactor to use for lighting loads, it is important to consider the bulb properties when they are switched on and when operating continuously. AP03407006E.PDF - (PDF, 93KB)

		Application of Electronic Coils, XT IEC Contactors from 185A to 2000A The Frame L-R XTCE contactors (XTCE185L to XTCEC20R) have a unique coil design giving customers more options when designing their control scheme in a control panel. The electronic coil in the XTCE allows for more control design flexibility, increased safety of design, reduced panel space requirements and panel costs, reduced installation effort, and reduced energy consumption. AP03407007E.PDF - (PDF, 505KB)

		Application of Multi-Wire Terminals for Molded Case Circuit Breakers Multi-wire terminals for molded case circuit breakers are a means to provide more than one load side termination while maintaining the circuit breaker’s UL listing. This paper examines the application of multi-wire terminals in conjunction with UL standard 508A as well as with the National Electrical Code, NFPA70-2005 (NEC). AP01200004E.PDF - (PDF, 80KB)

		Application of Tap Rules to Molded Case Breaker Terminals Often, a molded case circuit breaker is employed as the main overcurrent protective device (OCPD), as well as the main disconnecting means, for an industrial control panel, or as a main or feeder application. If branch circuits must emanate from the main OCPD, means must be available to fan out from its terminals. The paper describes methods to achieve multiple branches from circuit breakers using standard circuit breaker terminals. AP01200007E.PDF - (PDF, 325KB)

		Application of the EZ Relay in 2-Pump Alternator Control In many pumping applications, two pumps are installed. Two pumps are necessary in critical applications, such as municipal water systems, in order to keep the water flowing when one pump breaks down or has to be taken offline for maintenance purposes. AP05001002E.PDF - (PDF, 83KB)

		Benefits of Using Eaton’s IT. S811 Soft Starter to Improve Uptime and Lower Maintenance Costs The most significant benefits of soft starting a motor come from reduced mechanical and electrical stress. This not only translates to lower maintenance costs, but significantly improves equipment uptime. AP03902003E.PDF - (PDF, 243KB)

		Canvas and ePro PS Communications to Allen-Bradley PLCs Over Ethernet There are two different protocols used with Allen-Bradley PLCs over Ethernet. The first is commonly referred to as Allen-Bradley Ethernet, which is used to communicate to older PLC-5 and SLC 500 series of controllers. AP04801006E.PDF - (PDF, 151KB)

		Colored Terminal Blocks and Common Functions Colored terminal blocks are offered for quick identification of voltage, current, or particular circuits. Eaton offers a wide selection of colors with the XB Series IEC Terminal Blocks. Additional colors available on request and may require a minimum order of approximately 3,000 pieces. AP05502001E.PDF - (PDF, 32KB)

		Combining the IQ250/260 & Power Xpert Gateway 600A equals intelligent hardware Measure, document and verify energy usage. AP02603004E.PDF - (PDF, 505KB)

		Commercial Spot Network What we are about to present to you is an alternatively designed double ended substation (or multiple transformer unit substation) which utilizes network protectors that can be configured within a low-voltage assembly. This particular arrangement provides coordination with other devices, as well as the selectivity required for overall system protection. We hope the use of this guide will answer many of your questions regarding the use, design, system coordination and maintenance of network protectors. AP02400001E.PDF - (PDF, 537KB)

		Common Customizations for TMR5 Series Time Delay Relays All TMR5 Series Time Delay Relays can be adapted for different applications. Below is a list of various Situations, Solutions and Ordering Information to illustrate many of these modifications. Please contact Eaton if you have any questions or need additional information before ordering any products with these modifications. AP04910001E.PDF - (PDF, 229KB)

		Control circuit devices wiring guide Advanced technology has been used consistently in the development of the new line of M22 IEC pushbuttons. The use of LED elements and laser inscription offers maximum reliability, efficiency and flexibility. AP04716001E.PDF - (PDF, 972KB)

		Count-Based Diverter Control with the 57601402 Ambassador Series Counter Parts coming down a conveyor are often bulk-packed at the end of the line based upon the quantity required for each package. The parts are directed to an empty package at one side of the conveyor, while an operator removes a full package at the other side, and replaces it with an empty package. AP05407001E.PDF - (PDF, 80KB)

		Data archiving in Canvas and PanelMate ePro PS Gathering and storing data for analysis is a common requirement for operator interface and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications across a broad range of industries. AP04803006E.PDF - (PDF, 1MB)

		Data Buffering with the Power Xpert Gateway 600A and Power Xpert Software Accurate and robust data logging is a critical component of a power monitoring solution. The combination of the Power Xpert® Gateway 600A (PXG600A) and Power Xpert Software (PXS) provides a new solution that significantly reduces the risk of data loss in the event of communication loss to the monitored devices. AP02603003E.pdf - (PDF, 422KB)

		Definite Purpose Contactors & Starters Definite Purpose Contactors & Starters Application Notes AP03501002E.PDF - (PDF, 231KB)

		Determining Breaker Integrity After a Fault Molded case circuit breakers are designed and tested to be capable of safely clearing many overcurrents during their normal span of operation. Since their introduction in 1928, breakers have proven this capability through decades of safe, reliable performance. AP01200006E.PDF - (PDF, 40KB)

		Determining power circuit breaker interrupting ratings All of Eaton’s Magnum DS line of power circuit breakers are 100% rated and tested to applicable industry standards, including ANSI C37.13, C37.16, C37.17, C37.50; NEMA SG3; UL 1066; and CSA 22.2. When correctly applying a circuit breaker to a system that has different %pf and X/R values from those used in the circuit to test the breaker, one should take into account the system’s X/R ratio and rms symmetrical current to arrive at an adjusted rms symmetrical current that will be compared to the breaker’s tested interrupting ratings, among other considerations. AP01301001E.PDF - (PDF, 54KB)

		Document viewing and running third-party applications in Canvas and PanelMate ePro PS The ability to view PDF files, AutoCAD drawings, and Web sites, and to run third-party software applications from an operator interface (OI) or SCADA system is a common need in industry. AP04803007E.PDF - (PDF, 185KB)

		Eaton’s XT IEC Power Control — High Altitude Electrical switchgear is often installed in applications exceeding 1000 m [3280 ft]. Due to the lower air density and heat transfer capacity at elevated altitudes, the physical properties such as dielectric strength, load capacity of the switchgear, conductors and motors, as well as the tripping characteristics of thermal relays and timer units must be modified to reflect these changes due to altitude. AP03407003E.PDF - (PDF, 39KB)

		Electronic vs. Electromechanical Overload Relays The use of electronic components in the construction of overload relays has resulted in enhanced protection, improved features and communications not available with typical bimetallic and eutectic alloy electromechanical overload relays. AP03408002E.PDF - (PDF, 602KB)

		EN 418 Standard Emergency Off Pilot Devices EN 418 is the standard for the safety of machines. The European community recognizes compliance with this requirement. Although compliance to the EN 418 standard is not a CE requirement, all of the EN 418 requirements for E-Stops are required per the EN 60947-5-5 standard. Therefore, compliance with EN 418 will ensure that machinery shipped to the European Union will meet with greater acceptance. Also there is little or no cost difference between compliant versus non-compliant E-Stops, so it makes sense to purchase EN 418 compliant devices. AP04703001E.PDF - (PDF, 35KB)

		FDP Commissioning Instructions Acceptable Milli-volt Limits These instructions are for manufacturer’s recommended commissioning values for FDP, FDPW and FDPB equipment. IL00807001Y.PDF - (PDF, 46KB)

		Field Devices Communication Wiring Specification The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations for the design, installation and maintenance of physical layer communications systems used by Eaton field bus products. TD17513_APPNOTE.PDF - (PDF, 444KB)

		Harmonic Guidlines and IEEE-519-1992 IEEE 519-1992 provides guidelines for applying limits to the level of harmonic distortion that a utility customer may inject into the power system. This is a concern, since Adjustable Frequency Drives (AFDs) can contribute significant harmonic distortion to a power system. AP04014002E.PDF - (PDF, 80KB)

		Harmonic Reduction Methods There are several basic methods for reducing harmonic voltage and current distortion from non-linear distribution loads such as adjustable frequency drives. Following is a description of each method, along with each method's advantages and disadvantages. AP04014001E.PDF - (PDF, 199KB)

		How to Use an ELC Link for Distributed I/O in the ELC The main reason for using distributed I/O is to place the I/O modules closer to the actual I/O devices, saving wire costs and retaining the signal integrity that can degrade over long wire lengths. The only cable between the main controller and the distributed I/O modules is an RS-485 serial communication cable, which is designed for long distance communications. The I/O data is exchanged between the master ELC controller and up to 16 slave ELC controllers via ELC Link. The slave ELC controllers can do local control of outputs and monitor input data, as well as pass any input data back to the mastercontroller and receive output data from the master controller. AP05002003E.PDF - (PDF, 172KB)

		How to Use an ELC to Control an Alternating 2-Pump Application The PC/PA/PH controllers support up to 256 total I/O, while the PV controller supports up to 512 I/O. It is also an ideal PLC to use for Pump Control Applications in that it provides the speed and processing power needed cost-effectively. AP05001001E.PDF - (PDF, 181KB)

		How to Use High-Speed Counters in the ELC There are numerous applications for high-speed inputs and their associated high-speed counters in the ELC. These range from high-speed, single-phase photo or proximity switch inputs from high-speed production lines to quadrature encoder feedback for accurate position information from a stepper motor. This application note is meant to describe the operation of high-speed inputs and their high-speed counters to accommodate any high-speed input application up to a maximum of 100 KHz. AP05001003E.PDF - (PDF, 147KB)

		How to Use PLSR: Pulse Ramp Instruction in the ELC The purpose of this application note is to fully describe the operation of the PLSR Instruction in ELC controllers. This instruction is primarily for use with stepper motors. AP05001004E.PDF - (PDF, 339KB)

		How to Use PLSY: Pulse Output Instruction in the ELC Square-wave pulses, where the frequency can be changed and where the number of pulses sent can be selected, have numerousapplications. This instruction may be used as a signal injector for testing radios and televisions, pulse plating applications, AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles) control and can be used to test digital circuits by providing a clock pulse, etc. AP05001005E.PDF - (PDF, 98KB)

		How to Use PWM: Pulse Width Modulation Instruction in the ELC Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) applications can be found in a variety of systems from controlling dc motors to PWM-controlled brakes. Advantages of controlling dc motors, PWM-controlled brakes, and any other similar PWM-controlled system are that PWM is more economical and noise immune than analog signals, and it produces less heat. Other applications include fan motors and fluorescent lights. AP05001006E.PDF - (PDF, 156KB)

		How to Use Recipes in HMi This application paper reviews using recipes for the HMi operator interface. First, the software is configured for recipes and procedures are given to explain the flow of events. Then, six examples are shown. AP04801007E.PDF - (PDF, 1MB)

		Installing TVSS Units with the Required Overcurrent Protection Device This technical note addresses the installation requirements of transient voltage surge suppression (TVSS) units with the proper overcurrent protection device (OCPD). The applicable National Electrical Code rules, UL ratings, and installation practices will be discussed. TD01005003E.PDF - (PDF, 163KB)

		Integrated vs. Sidemount Surge Protective Devices - Dispelling the Hoaxes This document is designed to dispel the many hoaxes and false statements relating to this claim with responses containing factual information. The truth is that integrated versions of surge protective devices (SPDs) provide many performance and functional advantages over their sidemount counterparts. AP01001001E.PDF - (PDF, 36KB)

		Magnum and Magnum DS Circuit Breakers - Time/Current Curve Index Characteristic Curves index for Magnum DS Circuit Breakers using Digitrip 220, 220, 520, 520M, 520MC Tripunits and Magnum Circuit Breakers using Digitrip 520i, 520Mi, 520MCi Tripunits. 70C1082.PDF - (PDF, 98KB)

		Manual Motor Protector Application Notes The purpose of this paper is to explain the main application for Manual Motor Protector and Combination Motor Controllers. These applications include NEC Group Motor Installation, UL 508 Type E Self-Protected Manual Combination Starters, UL 508 Type F Combination Motor Controllers (CMCs), and Type 2 Coordination. AP03402001E.PDF - (PDF, 465KB)

		Marine Rated Circuit Breakers - Application Note Marine breakers are used on Navy noncombatant vessels, Military Sealift Command, U.S. Coast Guard vessels, Maritime Administration vessels, offshore drilling platforms, work boats serving the offshore technology industry, commercial shipping vessels, supply and transport vessels, cruise ships, ferries, pleasure craft, etc. AP01218002E.PDF - (PDF, 258KB)

		Medium-Voltage GIS Medium-voltage (5 to 38 kV) gas insulated switchgear (GIS) differs greatly from the medium-voltage air insulated switchgear commonly used in North America. Instead of using air and solid insulation materials, GIS switchgear has the vacuum interrupter and bare bus conductors in a sealed housing filled with an insulating gas. The differences and associated concerns are highlighted below and illustrated on the last page of this document. PU02200003E.PDF - (PDF, 527KB)

		Molded Case Circuit Breaker Motor Operator Design Upgrades and Application Notes Eaton has been evaluating marine applications of Eaton molded case circuit breaker motor operators (and solenoid operators) and has implemented several design upgrades as a result. This paper also documents some application notes that were the result of various field installation practices witnessed during the evaluation. AP01218001E.PDF - (PDF, 120KB)

		PanelMate ePro Data-Linc Modem Connectivity - Application Note Application Need: Many times it is desirable to extend the communications that PanelMate ePro offers. PanelMate ePro's variety of protocols can be extended through the use of specialized wiring, protocol repeaters, or fiber optics. AP04804003E.PDF - (PDF, 198KB)

		PanelMate® ePro™ PS Factory Tested Communication Card List The list includes communications cards that have been tested and are authorized to be used on PanelMate ePro PS. AP04801003E.PDF - (PDF, 55KB)

		Predictive Diagnostics for Switchgear Advances in materials science, designing and manufacturing process made medium voltage switchgear much more reliable. In spite of this, insulation failures continue to happen often resulting in catastrophic equipment damage. AP02713001E.PDF - (PDF, 343KB)

		Protect Mode on PanelMate; ePro PS Operator Interfaces Protect Mode is a term used to describe the application of the Microsoft embedded systems technology known as "Enhanced Write Filter" on PanelMate ePro PS Operator Interface systems. PanelMate ePro PS units run on Microsoft's Windows XP Embedded operating system and utilize this technology to overcome maintenance and administration issues endemic to the use of commercial Windows desktop operating systems in industrial automation applications. AP04801001E.PDF - (PDF, 39KB)

		Re-forming of DC-bus Electrolytic Capacitors Following Extended Storage Cutler-Hammer brand adjustable frequency drives from Eaton’s electrical business utilize large aluminum (Al) electrolytic capacitors in their DC section. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are commonly used due to the fact that they have very good capacitance values relative to their canister volume. They also have a high ripple current capacity. AP04014006E.PDF - (PDF, 72KB)

		Remote Access Capability with PanelMate ePro PS and Canvas Over the last decade technological advances and the availability of broadband and wireless communications has grown at an exponential rate. AP04801002E.PDF - (PDF, 41KB)

		Seven Compelling Reasons Why Integrated SPDs are the Best This document is designed to point out the many performance and functional advantages that integrated surge protection devices (SPDs) offer. AP01001002E.PDF - (PDF, 40KB)

		Solid-State Output for Timing Relays Used in High Duty Cycle Applications Eaton is pleased to offer the complete line of TMR5 Series Time Delay Relays with an option for solid-state outputs instead of mechanical relay outputs. If your application has a high duty cycle, we have the solution for you. Key highlights include: AP04910002E.PDF - (PDF, 128KB)

		Solid-state relays A solid-state relay (SSR) can perform many tasks that an electromechanical relay (EMR) can perform. The SSR differs in that it has no moving mechanical parts within it. It is essentially an electronic device that relies on the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of semiconductors and electrical components to achieve its isolation and relay switching function. AP04901001E.PDF - (PDF, 174KB)

		Solid-State Soft Start Motor Controller and Starter - Application Note Cutler-Hammer soft start controllers and starters operate with standard motors. In most cases, an existing motor sized for another method of soft start, can be directly applied. For new installations the user must understand the nature of the application in terms of the load characteristic requirements and the motor capability when used with a soft start controller or starter. AP03902001E.PDF - (PDF, 341KB)

		SVX9000 Single-Phase Input Cable Connections The SVX9000 series drive is designed for use on normal three-phase supplies. It is, however, possible to use it on single-phase supplies subject to certain limitations. AP04014007E.PDF - (PDF, 295KB)

		System’s Approach to the Air Force’s Energy Infrastructure Strategy EPAct 2005 mandates that all federal buildings install energy metering by 2012. Installing the meters alone does not benefit the USAF without a plan to utilize the data. How does an enterprise as large as the Air Force manage this data so it remains accurate, timely, and actionable? IA08324012E.PDF - (PDF, 260KB)

		UL 1449 3rd Edition - Key Changes The primary safety standard for surge protective devices (SPD’s), also called transient voltage surge suppressors (TVSS) has undergone some major revisions in the past 3 years. In February of 2005 UL 1449 2nd Edition underwent a major revision requiring additional safety testing at medium fault current levels for TVSS. TD01005005E.PDF - (PDF, 40KB)

		Understanding the Differences Between North American and European Operational Requirements for Electronic Overload Relays North American (NEMA®) electronic overload relays are designed to meet the requirements of NEMA ICS2-2000, UL 508 (July 11, 2005) and CSA®(C22.2 No. 14-05) standards. European (IEC) electronic overload relays are designed to meet the requirements of IEC 60947-4-1 (2000 edition including Amendment 2 [2005]). AP03408001E.PDF - (PDF, 46KB)

		Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) and the Need for Secondary Surge Suppression The advantages of installing a Surge Protective Device (SPD) on a facility's service entrance are well documented and acknowledged as being essential in protecting sensitive electronic equipment from outside sources of transient voltages such as lightning strikes and utility company switching. TD01005004E.PDF - (PDF, 166KB)

		Use of IEC Contactors in UL, CSA and NEC Regulated Applications IEC contactors are increasingly becoming the contactor of choice for power and motor control across the world. Contactors designed to IEC specifications provide a good balance of performance, size, accessories and low cost. However, there are several different governing standards, such as UL®, NEC®, CSA®, IEC and others, that dictate how IEC contactors should be applied in a panel. AP03407008E.PDF - (PDF, 860KB)

		Using an adjustable frequency drive with a soft starter bypass AP03902004E.PDF - (PDF, 135KB)

		Using XT IEC Power Control to Reduce Costs Today’s cost-competitive environment is as strong as it has ever been. Even minor improvements to panel assembly can have a significant impact on cost management and productivity. AP03407005E.PDF - (PDF, 369KB)

		Why Choosing a Molded Case Circuit Breaker Makes Sense A fundamental choice exists when selecting overcurrent protection in a power system: fuses or circuit breakers. Either device may be used. Recent claims by fuse manufacturers about the simplicity of design and benefits of high interruption and coordination have reignited the debate of using breakers over fuses. AP01200005E.PDF - (PDF, 185KB)

		Windmill Transformer 9 Phase This application note provides evaluation and explanation of the use of a 9 phase transformer in a 18 pulse clean power ASD system. AP04008001E.pdf - (PDF, 784KB)