A cabinet or floor-standing PDU is a large, three-phase power distribution unit enclosed within its own cabinet. These PDUs are typically used in large data centers for both raised and non-raised floor applications, where they receive incoming power and distribute it to individual racks or groups of racks. They are designed to optimize utilization and availability down to the branch circuit level, addressing specific needs for isolation, voltage transformation, harmonic reduction, and voltage regulation. Additionally, these PDUs come with their own monitoring capabilities. Because floor standing PDUs are most often found in large data centers, they are usually deployed in conjunction with managed rack PDUs that are placed in each server rack or enclosure.

Rack PDUs effectively distribute power to racks where multiple outlets are necessary. Beyond the capabilities of a power strip, a rack PDU offers a range of intelligent features to help control the power distributed to IT devices. Rack PDUs are used in 120V, 200-240V and other environments of all sizes and come in a variety of plug and outlet configurations. Whether it’s the only distribution unit or part of a whole distribution strategy, PDUs are a vital connection point and allow you to protect your entire IT investment.

In nearly all instances, the cabinet PDUs are deployed within the gray space of a data center, where they receive power from the main utility feed and distribute it to the white space. Eaton’s current offerings include the PowerPak (up to 300 kVA), PowerPak 2 (up to 400 kVA), PowerPak 2 EX (up to 625 kVA), and PowerHub 2 (up to 1.25 MVA). Notably, each of these systems are equipped with Wavestar intelligent power monitoring, which tracks power usage and availability.

This image illustrates the electrical infrastructure of a data center, showcasing how power flows through various components to ensure continuous and reliable operation. The system begins with a backup generator, which serves as an emergency power source during outages. The generator is connected to a reactor, which helps regulate voltage and reduce electrical noise. From there, power flows into the switchgear panel, which distributes electricity to different parts of the facility. One of the key destinations is the UPS system. The UPS provides battery backup and stabilizes voltage, ensuring that servers receive clean and uninterrupted power even during short-term disruptions.

Power from the UPS is directed to a Static Transfer Switch (STS), which allows for seamless switching between power sources, such as utility and generator power, without interrupting operations. The STS then feeds power into PDUs, which manage and distribute electricity to various server racks. To extend this distribution, remote power panels are used. These panels deliver power from the PDUs to specific server zones, enabling localized control and monitoring.

An overhead busway system is also featured, which provides a flexible and scalable method of routing power to server cabinets. Throughout the infrastructure, power monitoring stations are placed at key points. These systems track voltage, current, and load distribution in real-time, helping data center operators detect issues quickly and optimize energy usage. Altogether, this infrastructure ensures a stable and redundant power supply that supports critical data center operations.